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Gurmukhi is an alphabet similar to Devanagari. It is used to write Punjabi in India.
Name | Pron. | Name | Pron. | Name | Pron. | Name | Pron. | Name | Pron. | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ੳ | uṛa | - | ਅ | æṛa | ə by itself | ੲ | iṛi | - | ਸ | səsa | sa | ਹ | haha | ha |
ਕ | kəka | ka | ਖ | khəkha | kha | ਗ | gəga | ga | ਘ | kəga | ká | ਙ | ngənga | nga* |
ਚ | chəcha | cha | ਛ | shəsha | sha | ਜ | jəja | ja | ਝ | chəja | chá | ਞ | neiia | ña#* |
ਟ | ṭenka | ṭa | ਠ | ṭhəṭha | ṭha | ਡ | ḍəḍa | ḍa | ਢ | ṭəḍa | ṭá | ਣ | ṇaṇa | ṇa |
ਤ | təta | ta | ਥ | thətha | tha | ਦ | dəda | da | ਧ | təda | tá | ਨ | nəna | na |
ਪ | pəpa | pa | ਫ | phəpha | pha | ਬ | bəba | ba | ਭ | pəba | pá | ਮ | məma | ma |
ਯ | yaiya | ya | ਰ | rara | ra | ਲ | ləla | la | ਵ | vava | va | ੜ | ṛaṛa | ṛa |
Name | Pron. | |
---|---|---|
ਸ਼ | Sussa pair bindi | Sha |
ਖ਼ | Khukha pair bindi | Khha |
ਗ਼ | Gugga pair bindi | Ghha |
ਜ਼ | Jujja pair bindi | Za |
ਫ਼ | Phupha pair bindi | Fa |
ਲ਼ | Lalla pair bindi | Lla |
Vowel | Name | IPA | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ind. | Dep. | with /k/ | Letter | Unicode | |
ਅ | (none) | ਕ | Mukta | A | (IPA: [ə]) |
ਆ | ਾ | ਕਾ | Kanna | AA | (IPA: [ɑ]) |
ਇ | ਿ | ਕਿ | Sihari | I | (IPA: [ɪ]) |
ਈ | ੀ | ਕੀ | Bihari | II | (IPA: [i]) |
ਉ | ੁ | ਕੁ | Onkar | U | (IPA: [ʊ]) |
ਊ | ੂ | ਕੂ | Dulankar | UU | (IPA: [u]) |
ਏ | ੇ | ਕੇ | Lavan | EE | (IPA: [e]) |
ਐ | ੈ | ਕੈ | Dulavan | AI | (IPA: [æ]) |
ਓ | ੋ | ਕੋ | Hora | OO | (IPA: [o]) |
ਔ | ੌ | ਕੌ | Kanora | AU | (IPA: [ɔ]) |